বৃহস্পতিবার, ২৫ এপ্রিল, ২০১৩

A Boycott Is Happening in Chicago?And This Time It Isn?t Teachers

Students in Chicago have had enough with their school system.

A group called Chicago Students Organizing to Save Our Schools boycotted the state-mandated test, PSAE, on Wednesday and protested citywide. Like many people against standardized testing, the students, which numbered in the hundreds, have had enough with test taking.

But their objections, however, go further.

?

?

They are also fed up with Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel and the public school system?s leaders in their attempts to shutter 54 school programs and 61 school buildings, mostly in underprivileged and minority neighborhoods.

Brian Sturgis, a senior at Chicago?s Paul Robeson High School and an organizer of the boycott, wrote in an Education Week blog, ?Mayor Emanuel and the Chicago Board of Education are supposed to make the CPS system work for all of us. But instead they are putting too much pressure on standardized testing and threatening to close schools that don't have high test scores. When schools are under so much pressure to raise test scores it leads to low-scoring students being neglected, not supported.?

The protestors posted frequently on social media to keep people updated on their activities. Their Twitter feed shows a picture of students lined up, arms interlocked, in front of school. One student held a sign that said, ?The best way to learn is by taking a test?No child ever said.?

The students? activities haven?t sat well with administrators.

Earlier this week, the school district made robocalls to students? parents, warning how important the test results are to a their children?s academic future.

Every student must take at least one day of the two-day exam to be promoted to 12th grade and graduate. The second part of the test, given on Wednesday, included science, math and reading. This part, in turn, gives a career-readiness certificate endorsed by employers to students.

Of course, as is the norm in America?s classrooms, the tests are also used to help evaluate each school and teacher.

Barbara Byrd-Bennett, the Chicago Public Schools CEO said on Wednesday, ?The only place that students should be during the school day is in the classroom with their teachers getting the education they need to be successful in life. Today's PSAE is one of the most critical exams our students will take. Every adult should support and encourage our students to make sure they are in school.?

Mark Naison, a Fordham University academic who monitors educational movements in the United States, compared the Chicago protest to the student?lunch counter sit-ins that began in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1960.

?In both instances, you had a situation that many people thought was outrageous?and yes, many people do think the level of testing in schools has become so intrusive and counterproductive that it is national tragedy?but people in elected office seemed unable to change, so young people decided to take history into their own hands,? he said. ?I would not be surprised to see these walkouts and boycotts multiply next year.?

Last week, New York parents, teachers, and students participated in a similar protest when students decidedly opted out of tests administered by the state of New York. An overabundance of testing has, according to critics, contributed to a rise in cheating by teachers and administrators, a segregation of students based on test scores, high teacher turnover, and the decrease of classes that teach enrichment, such as the arts.

Some see these protests as a last resort to help students and teachers in a broken system with few benefits.

Shaun Johnson, a Maryland-based teacher educator, former public school teacher, and blogger for At the Chalk Face, feels that while a boycott to prevent data from being collected may not be the most effective tool, it's perhaps all we have left.

Related Stories on TakePart:

? Op-Ed: Watching Our Chicago Schools Close Is ?Like Being Stuck in a Bad Dream?

? What Will the Closure of 61 Chicago School Buildings Mean for Kids?

? Op-Ed: It?s Not Always the Right Choice to Close a Failing School


Suzi Parker is an Arkansas-based?political and cultural journalist whose work frequently appears in?The Washington?Post?and?The Christian Science Monitor. She is the?author of two books. @SuziParker | TakePart.com?

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/boycott-happening-chicago-time-isn-t-teachers-212009314.html

teresa giudice atlanta hawks 2012 white house correspondents dinner forrest gump bernard hopkins nfl draft grades devils

Foursquare Redesigns Its Venue Pages For The Web To Capitalize On Its 50M Monthly Unique Visitors

Screenshot_4_22_13_8_44_PMFoursquare today launched redesigned venue pages to focus on its Explore and Discover functionality, bringing them more in line?with its homepage.?The changes, which come two weeks after the company raised another round of funding and released an updated iOS app, are designed to capitalize on the traffic that Foursquare gets from?Google, which has doubled the site’s traffic over the past year. This is an important play for Foursquare, as it’s competing with Google Local, Yelp and?Facebook,?which today launched its redesign for local business pages. Foursquare’s lead engineer for the web, Mike Singleton, told me that the site now gets over 50 million unique visitors on the web, which is 17 million more than actually use its app. That means that Foursquare is quietly breaking through as a place for information about venues, its most prized asset: People are coming from Google for different reasons, we needed to give them the information they needed at a glance, which was difficult. Since focusing on its Explore functionality, Singleton says that its usage has doubled, especially on the website. The new venue page has all of the information that people need in a quick glance, the pages are more visually appealing, and owners of the venues should be proud to show them off, perhaps by linking to them on their website over competitors like Yelp. Here’s a look at what a venue page looked like before today’s launch: You’ll notice that some of the more attractive content, such as photos, are pushed way down, putting more focus on the map. Additionally, information such as when the venue is open was shoved to the right-hand side, requiring a scroll, as well as someone’s eyes actually finding them. This redesign solves that: The new design is cleaner, and brings all of the information that Google searchers would want to see immediately, such as photos of the venue and a more attractive map. Since some of the people visiting from the web might not be app users, Foursquare wants to give them a better first impression of the service by populating the page with the info that’s needed to make quick decisions, such as whether to actually go to a place for dinner or not. By being able to search through tips, you could find information about a particular meal, rather than continually clicking “next” buttons to scan all tips. Naturally, Foursquare wants this page to

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/eKHDLnZcK1o/

rampart nick collins dave matthews ambien wwdc madden 13 cover dalai lama

বুধবার, ২৪ এপ্রিল, ২০১৩

European shares rise on ECB rate cut expectations

By Marc Jones

LONDON (Reuters) - European shares edged up on Wednesday, building on their best day in seven months as investors waited to see if German business and European bank data support expectations of an interest rate cut.

Top European shares on the FTSEurofirst 300 <.fteu3> opened 0.4 percent higher at 1187.45 points, after Tuesday's gains of almost 2.5 percent pushed the index back towards last month's 4-1/2 year high.

London's FTSE 100 <.ftse>, Paris's CAC-40 <.fchi> and Frankfurt's DAX <.gdaxi> were up 0.4-0.5 percent. <.l><.eu/>

Equities have risen as weak data from the euro zone has boosted expectations that the European Central Bank will cut rates next week and consider more radical measures such as targeted lending aid for firms.

A quarterly survey on bank lending conditions from the ECB as well as Germany's closely watched confidence index from the Ifo institute, are likely to feed those expectations when they are both released at around 0800 GMT.

"An ECB rate cut is now a question of when and not if so today's reports are all going to be important in fine tuning the market's expectations," said Nomura economist Nick Matthews.

The increased chance of a rate cut has also helped push the euro to a two week low in recent sessions and reduced euro zone Italian and Spanish bond yields to their lowest levels in 2-1/2 years.

At 0730 GMT the euro was trading virtually unchanged on the day at $1.30. German government bonds, favored by risk-shy investors edged back from their recent highs ahead of a sale of 30-year debt.

Italy's expected nomination of a new prime minister after months of uncertainty also helped support risk assets.

"It looks like we're getting more movement in Italy - they're expected to name a new prime minister. But the Ifo will be key as we're now looking for (an ECB) move in May," one trader said.

(Additional reporting by Marius Zaharia; editing by Anna Willard)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/asian-shares-rise-firm-u-earnings-soft-money-051418095--finance.html

victoria azarenka Royal Rumble 2013 senior bowl norovirus Eclampsia Kendrick Lamar JJ Abrams

Galaxy S 4, future Samsung devices to use DigitalOptics tech for face tracking

Samsung Galaxy S 4 with Smart Stay active

When Samsung unveiled the Galaxy S 4 in March, there was a near-inescapable emphasis on face detection features. What we didn't know is just whose technology was making them possible. As it happens, it's not entirely Samsung's -- DigitalOptics has stepped forward to claim some of the responsibility. The California firm recently struck a multi-year licensing deal with Samsung to supply its Face Detection and Face Tracking software, which can detect pupils for interface features (think Smart Stay or Smart Pause) and keep tabs on photo subjects. DigitalOptics hasn't provided the exact details of its involvement in the GS4, let alone a roadmap, but it's safe to presume that Samsung isn't dropping its emphasis on camera-driven software anytime soon.

Filed under: , , ,

Comments

Source: DigitalOptics

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/04/23/galaxy-s-4-uses-digitaloptics-face-detection/?utm_medium=feed&utm_source=Feed_Classic&utm_campaign=Engadget

detroit lions Thanksgiving Day cooking a turkey toysrus how to carve a turkey ipad 2 wal mart

False tweet sinks stock market. Is anyone checking this stuff?

Stock markets tanked briefly (and then recovered) after the AP Twitter account was hacked and falsely announced a White House bombing. An array of new firms verify social media information to make sure clients aren't fooled.

By Gloria Goodale,?Staff writer / April 23, 2013

The White House was not bombed Tuesday, despite a fake tweet from AP to the contrary. These police were part of stepped up security Sunday in the wake of the Boston bombings.

Jonathan Ernst/Reuters

Enlarge

Within 60 seconds of the Associated Press tweeting that the White House had been bombed ? a tweet that sent stock markets into a tailspin ? subscribers to Storyful knew it was a hoax.

Skip to next paragraph

' + google_ads[0].line2 + '
' + google_ads[0].line3 + '

'; } else if (google_ads.length > 1) { ad_unit += ''; } } document.getElementById("ad_unit").innerHTML += ad_unit; google_adnum += google_ads.length; return; } var google_adnum = 0; google_ad_client = "pub-6743622525202572"; google_ad_output = 'js'; google_max_num_ads = '1'; google_feedback = "on"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_adtest = "on"; google_image_size = '230x105'; google_skip = '0'; // -->

The AP Twitter feed, it turns out, had been hacked, and stock markets quickly recovered. But the incident highlighted why Storyful exists. In a social media world gone mad, it is one of a handful of new companies trying to fill the growing need for some form of social media information verification.

That need has been abundantly apparent during the past week. While law enforcement in the Boston bombing case called for the community to send photos, videos, and ideas, the response on social media included reams of raw information ? much of it false ? and half-baked theories. The family of a missing Brown University student had to refute false claims that he was involved.

At times, the news media were drawn into the spiral of social media of misinformation, and that is what Storyful hopes to remedy. Billed as the first news agency for the social media age, this global enterprise of some 35 professionals ? many refugees from media such as CNN ? scans social media to alert clients about news before even local wires, TV, or radio have picked it up. It then cross-checks the information to verify sources.

As social media becomes a greater part of the news media landscape, Storyful is just the sort of venture that could help each improve the other.

?We need both social and traditional journalism in our current age ? not one versus the other, not one or the other, but both,? says Paul Levinson, a professor of media studies at Fordham University in New York and author of ?New New Media,? via e-mail. ?Storyful looks like a significant step forward in bridging this gap.?

Storyful may be the most full-service provider in this growing space, providing not just verification but alerts and help with managing rights and usage. Based in Dublin, Ireland, but with staff in Asia, Europe, and the US, Storyful now boasts a roster of major news outlets from Bloomberg News to The New York Times.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/0K27qw5omXc/False-tweet-sinks-stock-market.-Is-anyone-checking-this-stuff

blade runner close encounters of the third kind beyonce and jay z baby droid 4 tom brady sister dad shoots daughters laptop brandon jennings

Marriage for all: A civil war in France? - Gay London clubs bars sex ...

WilfredYou may have heard about almost daily demonstrations, almost riots, in Paris and all over France. France is that European country above Italy and was the home of "Libert?, ?galit?, Fraternit?."

Fan of Discodamaged, Loran Concourdel sent in this article explaining what the French are up to, getting so excited about gay marriage.... It is a hilarious excellent summary of the situation and the hateful antics of the pathetic catholic church and associated fascists. Loran, we salute you!

Loran writes:

I'm French, gay and living between Paris and Berlin. The actual French debate and church hysteria surrounding opening civil marriage to all citizens became a recurrent questions from my Berliner friends these past few weeks.

Since 1999, same sex couples have been able to have their union recognized by French law. Well, almost? This contract is called the PACS and must be signed in front of a judge (like you are criminals), couples are not allowed to celebrate their union in the town hall and it does not give any rights concerning inheritance, mutual taxes, adoption or the legal relationship between parent and child. It was once again a treacherous way to categorize Gay and Lesbians into second class citizenship.

Then the struggle began to the extension of civil marriage to all.

Foot soldiers: Click the headline to read more

In France, marriage is defined by the "code civil" which was written during Napoleonic era by a certain Cambac?res, openly gay, who took great care to give marriage a non-sexual definition (the word couple is not restricted to male and female union). Nevertheless, judges have frequently and abusively interpreted this law in a restrictive straight couple sense. This created an unacceptable discrimination against gay and lesbians.

Let us remember that the French constitution claims that all citizens are equal before the law.

Since AIDS came into our lives, 30 years ago, how many friends have we seen being thrown out of their home after the death of their companion by hateful families? How many children have been raised in love by same sex couples? All this with violent disinterest from French society.

These past few years, the fight for equal rights became the major theme of Gay Prides. But the UMP (Union pour un Mouvement Populaire, founded an led by 2002 as a merger of several centre-right parties under President Jacques Chirac in 2002) has run France since 1995 and they never cared for social progress of any kind. Unfortunately the socialist paranthesis that has seen Lionel Jospin as prime minister from 1997 to 2002, didn't allowed any progress in this direction due mainly to his openly psycho-rigid bigot temper.

Then last year the French people elected Fran?ois Hollande with his 'promise number 31' of the opening of marriage to all. He chose to enact this with a new law. According to Robert Badinter (former minister of justice under Mitterand, who dragged France into modernity by cancelling death penalty in 1982 and decriminalizing homosexuality ) it would have been much simpler to change to code civil and state that a couple could be straight as well as gay or lesbian. But, we do not like simplicity in France. So the long process of law writing began and we gave time to the opponents of this fair progress to organize themselves, find funding, and start lobbying against our rights. Again!

Who are these noisy opponents?

Civitas 2
At first we were expecting the usual ones: catholic church and extreme right organizations (who have been married for a very long time, lucky them!) in addition with conservatives from the UMP.
But the time given was well used and we've seen the unexpected apparition of a third party headed by a certain Frigide Bargeot [Editor asks: Is Frigide Bargeot any relation to the fragrant Brigitte Bardot? Loran replies, sort of, you stupid ignorant islander.] Despise her traditionalist catholic background, she was a long time party girl and an annoying drunk in some of the less hyped gay bars of Paris - everybody finds a way to rebel against their origins. There she was until on the election of Benedict XVI in 2005 she had some mystical crisis and fell in love with the new pope, even creating a "Benoithon" to support this anti-charismatic head of church. So be it ! As the very obedient girl she is, she started to make the new pope's causes her own. Target:?Our devilish desire to be accepted as full citizens.

Frigide bargeotSo long to the party girl, let's start lobbying.

Right after the presidential election last year La Bargeot started to gather all opponents to gay marriage (bishop conference, extreme right organization, traditionalist catholic, UMP) and did a good job turning those intolerant bigots into a fake happy-looking crowd. She certainly went to many gay prides and learned how festive parades and positive messages are more effective than the strict hateful sad demonstrations those organizations were used to.

In parallel, Islamic council and Jewish representatives also called people to mobilization against this crime against their own gods. And so Gilles Bernheim (Grand Rabbi of France) even wrote a book fully dedicated to demonstrate the evilness of the project. Since then, this book has been proven to be a copy and paste of previous writing of different authors. The Rabbi has since resigned and was also proven to have used a fake university diploma in philosophy. Some people never know when to shut up! We certainly won't miss him. Islam is in a fragile position in France, due to an anti-semitic killing last spring by a French god-fool in Toulouse. So they are keeping a low profile on the marriage law. But you can be sure their hate against us isn't low profile at all.

What's left is Bargeot. And honestly, she did a successful job gathering something like 350 000 people in the streets of Paris. Pretending, of course, that the demos were anything but homophobic while keeping denying our citizens rights. Their main point is that the law will take from them the very meaning of their marriage (union of a male and female in the love of god and procreation). But they still pretend to love us and tell that we can not access the high level of their union because ours are sterile (I've check my balls this morning and I'm pretty sure I have all I need for that).

So we have those protesters, very well secretly funded by the catholic church and determined to keep on fighting even after the vote into law. But don't think they are only the tip of the iceberg, the iceberg is almost entirely visible. According to the last opinion polls here is what the French people think:
63% in favour of gay marriage, 5% without opinion, 32% against. 60% of people against are over 65 years old.

The question left is Why?
Why so much hate? Why so many people in the streets for something that went without any problems elsewhere (I'm thinking more specifically of Spain and Portugal which are well know for a deep attachment to the catholic church). Being neither sociologist or anthropologist, I've found a beginning of an explanation in the interview of Olivier Bobineau, sociologist specialized in religious studies. Here is my translation of a part of his interview (original French text available here.)Manif pour tous"The church is in agony in modern societies. It is in anthropologic shock. On one side you have a catholic anthropology that want to put individuals under control through the feeling of love that they pretend to control and incarnate. The catholic anthropology is this: an institution that wants to control love. It's a big ambition. On the other side, it just takes a little sociology, philosophy and history to understand that everybody agrees to acknowledge that the singularity of modernity is to separate institutions and feeling of the individuals. It is the separation of church and state, science and theology, private and public life. Once those institutions are separated from the feelings of the individuals, it allows them emancipation. On one side you have a catholic anthropology that want to control feelings and on the other side an anthropology that wants to separate them from institutions.

So, here's the shock: One of the two is gently winning. Only 2% of French population goes to catholic church on a regular basis. There are no priests anymore. This is why the church is in agony."

Last Friday, the law was adopted in the Senate; it will now go back this week to parliament for a final vote. There is no doubt of any kind that it will pass. This process was accelerated, surely to allow the first marriages to be celebrated before the gay prides in June. For 16 years, more than 500 000 people have been on the streets for the Parisian pride, not counting others cities. There is no doubt that the actual government fear that.

Since the Senate adoption last Friday, CIVITAS is organizing a funny praying demo, there are 60 of them.
Bargeot has promised, on television, blood to the president, finally letting her hate coming under the sun of the media.
She says she will continue the fight with all hateful extreme right and tiny catholic groups. They will surely continue to spread hate and intolerance. After all, this is all they know. Creating the perfect social climate for homophobic attacks as we've seen last weekend in Paris. Read here. http://www.rue89.com/2013/04/08/wilfred-olivier-agresses-a-paris-voici-visage-lhomophobie-241278
Since the Senate adopted the law, Venezuela and New Zealand have granted lesbians and gay marriage.

The fight for our rights has to stay an on-going priority, because we all know that when good men do nothing, evil flourishes.

Going deeper (!)

To be known
In France, since 1905, churches (of whatever confession) and state are separated by law, supposedly forbidding any kind of interactions between them. This is how we hoped to get rid of the oppression of the catholic church and it's authoritarian control over people's life. Since then, the French Republic is meant to be secular and free of all religious influence. Secularism is NOT a weapon against people's faith but a WARRANTY of respect for people's choices in spiritual matter. Religious affairs are handled by the ministry of the Interior, which is also in charge of police. However, still, religious forces are very active in lobbying. And of course, all monotheist religious representatives presented a united front against the opening of marriage to all citizens.

References
1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State
Gesetz_zur_Trennung_von_Kirche_und_Staat_(Frankreich)

1- The Battlefield

Heads of UMP @ demoUMP
The right wing, conservative, ultra liberal party. Chief of party: Jean-Fran?ois Cop? (He and his party are supporting actively the struggle against marriage for all, participating to the demos )
PS : Socialist party, now in charge with president F Hollande. Chief of party: Harlem D?sir.

S?nat (Senate)
High chamber of parliament in France.

Assembl?e Nationale
Lower chamber of parliament in France.

CivitasCIVITAS
Traditionalist Catholic organization with public links to extreme right organizations. Was a part of "La manif pour tous" at the beginning, but quickly separated from them.

Le Printemps Fran?ais
Name given to all the right extremist, participating in the anti extension to marriage for all citizens demonstrations, mainly composed of GUD (a student organization "Groupe Union Defense", training its members for paramilitary attacks) former members and neo-nazi scene allied with traditionalists catholics. Funded by the french catholic church via it's multiple underground organizations and headed by Beatrice Bourge.

Manif pour tous
Name of the organization created by Frigide Bargeot . Hypocrite movement pretending to be gay friendly.

Mariage pour tous
Name of popular movement supporting the extension of marriage to all citizens and rights equality in front of the law.

2- The Generals

Frigide bargeot2Frigide Bargeot
Nickname of Virginie Merle [Tellenne?] (humoristic deformation of Brigitte Bardot and meaning literally Dumb Frigid). Traditionalist Catholic, attention seeker, desperate for public acknowledgment. Formely in charge of communication in RPR party (RPR is the older name of the UMP). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigide_Barjot

Christine Boutin
Head of the Catholic "Democratic" party, know to Boutin pacs 99have dared brandish a bible in a session of the French parliament (which is a major offense against the laicity of parliament). They are old time fighters against the opening of civil union to gay and lesbians couples in 1998/99. She was leading the 1999 demos against the PACS (first civil union accepting same sex couples in France) were hateful slogans were told : "Fag today, paedophile tomorrow" "Fags on the pyre" ?.

Xavier bongibauldXavier Bongibault
The so called "gay" alibi of the anti-marriage movement. Employed by Frigide Bargeot as a "personal assistant" and recently compared Hollande to Hitler on French television (I let you make a personal evaluation of his IQ ).

Beatrice Bourges
Leader of Le Printemps Fran?ais, extremist traditionalist catholic, thinks Frigide Bargeot is "too cheesy".

Fran?ois Hollande
Actual French president, socialist, elected with the promise of extension of civil marriage to all citizens (civil, when talking about marriage, is intended in opposition to religious.)

Christine Taubira
French minister of justice, in charge of the law for the extension of marriage.

3 - The Foot Soldiers

Loran Concourdel
Frenchman living in Berlin and Paris, also known as Fw Projekt https://www.facebook.com/fw.projekt. Author of this article.

You! Civitas-france needs children not homosexuals

Source: http://www.discodamaged.com/2013/04/marriage-for-all-a-civil-war-in-france.html

Ray Lewis Murders 2013 Super Bowl Commercials joe flacco Go Daddy Superbowl Commercial 2013 michael oher superbowl score Harbaugh brothers

Space collisions expected to rise

Unless space debris is actively tackled, some satellite orbits will become extremely hazardous over the next 200 years, a new study suggests.

The research found that catastrophic collisions would likely occur every five to nine years at the altitudes used principally to observe the Earth.

And the scientists who did the work say their results are optimistic - the real outcome would probably be far worse.

To date, there have been just a handful of major collisions in the space age.

The study was conducted for the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee.

This is the global forum through which world governments discuss the issue of "space junk" - abandoned rocket stages, defunct satellites and their exploded fragments.

The space agencies of Europe, the US, Italy, the UK, Japan and India all contributed to the latest research, each one using their own experts and methodology to model the future space environment.

Simulated futures

They were most concerned with low-Earth orbit (that is, below 2,000km in altitude). This is where the majority of missions returning critical Earth-observation data tend to operate.

All six modelling groups came out with broadly the same finding - a steady increase in the numbers of objects 10cm and bigger over the 200-year period.

This growth was driven mostly by collisions between objects at altitudes between 700km and 1,000km.

The low-end projection was for a 19% increase; the high-end forecast was for a 36% rise. Taken together, the growth was 30%. These are averages of hundreds of simulations.

For the cumulative number of catastrophic collisions over the period, the range went from just over 20 to just under 40.

Somewhat worryingly, the forecasting work made some optimistic assumptions.

One was a 90% compliance with the "25-year rule". This is a best-practice time-limit adopted by the world's space agencies for the removal of their equipment from orbit once it has completed its mission.

The other was the idea that there would be no more explosions from half-empty fuel and pressure tanks, and from old batteries - a significant cause of debris fragments to date.

Concept development

"We're certainly not at 90% compliance with the 25-year rule yet, and we see explosion events on average about three times a year," explained Dr Hugh Lewis, who detailed the research findings at the 6th European Conference on Space Debris in Darmstadt, Germany, on Monday.

"It is fair to say this is an optimistic look forward, and the situation will be worse than what we presented in the study," the UK Space Agency delegate to the IADC told BBC News.

"So one message from our study is that we need to do better with these debris-mitigation measures, but even with that we need to consider other approaches as well. One of the options obviously is active debris removal."

Research groups around the world are devising strategies to catch old rocket bodies and satellites, to pull them out of orbit.

Previous modelling work has indicated that removing just a few key items each year could have a significant limiting effect on the growth of debris.

Most ideas include attaching a propulsion module to a redundant body, perhaps via a hook or robotic clamp.

Harpoon idea

One UK concept under development is a harpoon. This would be fired at the hapless target from close range.

A propulsion pack tethered to the projectile would then tug the junk downwards, to burn up in the atmosphere.

When the BBC first reported this concept back in October, the harpoon was being test-fired over a short range of just 2m.

The latest testing, to be reported at the Darmstadt conference this week, has seen the harpoon fired over a much longer distance and at a more realistic, rotating target.

"Our tests have progressed really well, and everything seems to be scaling as expected," explained Dr Jaime Reed, from Astrium UK.

"We've now upgraded to a much more powerful gun and have been firing the harpoon over 10m - the sort of distance we'd expect to have to cover on a real debris-removal mission.

"Our harpoon also now has a shock absorber on it to make sure it doesn't go too far inside the satellite, and we've been firing it with the tether attached. It's very stable in flight."

Chinese test

There are some 20,000 man-made objects in orbit that are currently being monitored regularly. About two-thirds of this population is in Low-Earth orbit.

These are just the big, easy-to-see items, however. Moving around unseen are an estimated 500,000 particles ranging in size between 1-10cm across, and perhaps tens of millions of other particles smaller than 1cm.

All of this material is travelling at several kilometres per second - sufficient velocity for even the smallest fragment to become a damaging projectile if it strikes an operational space mission.

Two key events have added significantly to the debris problem in recent years.

The first was the destructive anti-satellite test conducted by the Chinese in 2007 on one of their own retired weather spacecraft.

The other, in 2009, was the collision between the Cosmos 2251 and Iridium 33 satellites.

Taken together, these two events essentially negated all the mitigation gains that had been made over the previous 20 years to reduce junk production from spent rocket explosions.

Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22253966#sa-ns_mchannel=rss&ns_source=PublicRSS20-sa

Superbowl Start Time Jim Harbaugh Who Won The Superbowl Super Bowl Halftime Show 2013 Super Bowl Commercials 2013 Ray Lewis Murders 2013 Super Bowl Commercials