NEW YORK, Sept. 18, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:
Unconventional Natural Gas Extraction: Technologies and Global Markets
http://www.reportlinker.com/p0969860/Unconventional-Natural-Gas-Extraction-Technologies-and-Global-Markets.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Oil_and_Gas_energy
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Use this report to:
l Receive information on unconventional natural gas production and associated extraction
technologies.
l Learn about the market potential for unconventional natural gas extraction technologies
over a five-year period from 2011 through 2016.
l Receive information on regional market breakdowns with select sub-regional breakdowns
for countries with promising unconventional natural gas resources.
l Learn about the existing unconventional natural gas extraction technologies and
promising technologies under development.
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Highlights
-The global market for unconventional natural gas extraction technologies was valued at
nearly $61.2 billion in 2010 and nearly $61.6 billion in 2011. The market should reach $91.3
billion in 2016 after increasing at a five-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.2%.
-l North America accounted for $54.8 billion in 2011 and is projected to total $63.8 billion in
2016, a CAGR of 3.1%.
-Asia/Australia was valued at $5.5 billion in 2011 and should reach nearly $19 billion in 2016,
a CAGR of 28.1%.
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Introduction & Scope
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
This study provides a review of the global markets for unconventional natural gas
production technologies at a regional level, with additional breakdowns for select
relevant national-level markets. It seeks to quantify unconventional natural gas
technologies markets based on available data and anticipated trends in global and
regional market development for the considered unconventional natural gas extraction
technologies.
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REASONS FOR COMPLETING THIS STUDY
BCC's goal in conducting this study is to assess and describe the current status of the
global unconventional natural gas-extraction technologies, as well as to assess the
potential growth of this industry. More specifically, the study has the following
objectives:
- To summarize existing unconventional natural gas extraction technologies and
promising technologies under development.
- To evaluate the existing unconventional natural gas industry, with a focus on
producers of each major viable technology.
- To assess market potential for unconventional natural gas extraction technologies
over a five-year period from 2011 through 2016.
- To provide regional market breakdowns with select sub-regional breakdowns for
countries with promising unconventional natural gas resources.
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CONTRIBUTORS TO AND USE OF THIS STUDY
Global interest in unconventional natural gas production and associated extraction
technologies has taken off over the last five years due to the influence of the
unconventional natural gas boom in North America. Many countries are now looking to
unconventional natural gas as a potential energy source to alleviate supply shortages,
lower natural gas costs and generate revenue. This study is anticipated to be useful to
industry players, researchers, corporations and others who have a stake in
unconventional natural gas extraction technologies, as well as those who are
considering expanding into these markets. This study provides critical information to
decision makers regarding regional- and national-level investment strategies, along
with the level of anticipated returns that will result from continued market
development.
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SCOPE AND FORMAT OF THIS REPORT
The scope of this report includes the following categories of unconventional natural gas
extraction technologies:
- Vertical and directional drilling.
- Horizontal drilling.
- Hydrofracture equipment.
- Hydrofracture chemicals.
- Well completion and operation equipment.
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Markets considered are shown in the following table. BCC analyzes each technology,
determines its current market status, examines its impact on future markets and
presents forecasts of growth over the ensuing five years. Technological issues
including the latest trends are assessed and discussed, as is the current and likely
ongoing regulatory environment in support of this industry.
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BCC analyzes anticipated market values in light of regional and global markets for
unconventional natural gas. This report examines government roles with respect to
unconventional natural gas production, including regulatory requirements, support and
incentives. It provides a review of the most relevant extraction technologies, discusses
recent trends in well development and regional drilling and provides overviews and
market assessments for each technology.
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METHODOLOGY
Background information, including reviews of each unconventional natural gas
technology and its implementation status, was collected from government and industry
sources. Specific citations and references are provided as needed to support this study,
and website links to government and industry studies, white papers and other relevant
information are provided whenever available.
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BCC's research of present and historic market trends was conducted primarily via
phone interviews and Internet research, relying on personal interviews and available
governmental data. Internal company data and annual documentation of sales relevant
to a particular unconventional natural gas technology were also reviewed to prepare
market assessments. Based on the results of these surveys and research, BCC
analyzed the potential applications for each technology and forecast remaining 2011
sales and sales through 2016.
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Market sizes and installed capacity figures were calculated based upon data obtained
from surveyed parties. Additionally, when available, the data provided in this report
were compared with other industry data to ensure relevance, applicability and
accuracy.
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INFORMATION SOURCES
Both primary and secondary research methods were used in preparing this report. BCC
surveyed more than 50 companies to obtain the data for this study. Included were
manufacturers of unconventional natural gas technologies, distributors of
unconventional natural gas technologies and companies involved with the deployment
of unconventional NG technologies and field facilities. BCC also spoke with users of
these technologies in a variety of global locales. Additionally, BCC compiled data from
current financial and trade information, industry associations and government sources.
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ANALYST CREDENTIALS
Robert Eckard has more than a decade of experience working in the energy and
environmental industries. Currently pursuing a PhD in Water and Energy Resources at
the University of California at Davis, Mr. Eckard also runs a small industry research and
technical consulting company, with an emphasis on energy, water and environmental
sectors. He has provided economic analysis market assessments, environmental
analysis, and technical water and energy reports to state and local governments, other
consultants, and private companies and individuals throughout the U.S., Australia and
Singapore. He also works as a subcontractor under the U.S. Department of Energy,
providing analysis in support of fossil-fuel extraction and refining for petroleum fuels,
coal and natural gas. He has produced reports for BCC Research on the global markets
for residential and commercial solar thermal (ST) technologies, industrial and utility
scale ST technologies, distributed generation (DG) technologies and energy-efficiency
(EE) technologies.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPIC PAGE NO.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR COMPLETING THIS STUDY 1
CONTRIBUTORS TO AND USE OF THIS STUDY 1
SCOPE AND FORMAT OF THIS REPORT 1
GLOBAL MARKETS 2
TABLE A GLOBAL MARKETS CONSIDERED IN THIS STUDY 2
METHODOLOGY 2
TABLE B RESEARCH INFORMATION SOURCES 2
INFORMATION SOURCES 3
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 3
RELATED REPORTS 3
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES 3
DISCLAIMER 4
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CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 6
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGIES MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 7
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGIES MARKET,
2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) 8
CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 10
NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES 10
TABLE 1 RESERVOIR PROPERTIES OF CONVENTIONAL AND UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL
GAS FORMATIONS 10
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES 11
TABLE 2 UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES CONSIDERED IN
THIS REPORT 12
BRIEF HISTORY OF UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES AND
APPLICATIONS 12
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS 13
VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING 13
TABLE 3 U.S. VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DRILLING COSTS SPECIFIC TO THE MARCELLUS
SHALE ($) 14
Vertical and Directional Drilling Methods 15
Multilateral Drilling 15
Extended-Reach Drilling 16
HORIZONTAL DRILLING 17
Horizontal Well Types 17
Short-Radius Horizontal Wells 18
Medium-Radius Horizontal Wells 18
Long-Radius Horizontal Wells 18
Horizontal Well Applications 18
Increased Formation Exposure 18
Drilling From a Central Location 18
Coning of Reservoir Fluids 18
Connecting Heterogeneities 19
Unconventional Natural Gas Resources 19
HYDROFRACTURE AND HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT 19
Hydraulic-Fracturing Process 20
Acid Stage 20
Pad Stage 20
Prop-Sequence Stage 20
Displacement and Flushing Stage 20
Multistage Fracturing Methods 21
Open-Hole Multistage System Fracturing Method 21
Pre-Drilled Liner 21
Slotted Liner 21
Open-Hole Sand Control 21
Cemented-Liner Multistage Fracturing Method 21
Stimulation Techniques 22
Hydraulic-Fracturing Costs 22
MULTIPLE-PAD DRILLING AND COMPLETIONS 22
Multiple-Well Pad Drilling Techniques 22
Batch Processing 22
Continuous Flow 22
TABLE 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF BATCH-FLOW AND CONTINUOUS-FLOW MULTIPLE-PAD
DRILLING TECHNIQUES 23
Multiple-Pad Drilling Components 23
Standard Pad Designs 23
Standard Equipment and Facilities 23
Simultaneous Operations 24
Cross-Functional Performance Metrics 24
HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS: PROPPANTS AND CHEMICAL ADDITIVES 24
Types of Additives 24
Acids 24
Biocides 25
Breakers 25
Surfactants 25
Scale and Corrosion Inhibitors 25
Friction Reducers 25
Gellants 25
Proppants 26
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT 26
Production Separators 26
Solids Control 26
Well Casing 26
Gas Compressors 27
Water-Injection Pump 27
Wellhead 27
Injection Well Casing, Tubing and Production Packer 27
Production Treatment and Filtration Equipment 27
Measuring and Monitoring 28
Holding and Maturing Tanks 28
Manifolds and Pipelines 28
Control Room or Control Facilities 28
Power-Production Facilities 28
Fluid-Storage Facilities 28
Water Filtration and Treatment Equipment 29
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS SERVICES 29
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS FORMATIONS 29
SHALE GAS 30
Shale Gas Development 30
Acquisition of Rights and Permits 30
Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing 30
Development and Production 30
Enhanced Recovery Techniques and Well Abandonment 31
TIGHT GAS 31
Tight Gas Development 31
Seismic Surveys 31
Drilling 31
Production Stimulation 31
COALBED METHANE 32
Coalbed Methane Development 32
Sub-Bituminous Coals 32
Bituminous Coals 32
POTENTIAL UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCES 33
Methane Hydrates 33
BENEFITS OF UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION 33
SUPPLY EXPANSION AND ENHANCEMENT 33
GLOBAL ENERGY RESOURCES 33
EFFECT ON ENERGY COSTS 34
ENERGY SECURITY 34
AIRBORNE EMISSIONS, INCLUDING GREENHOUSE GASES 34
ECONOMIC BENEFITS 34
DRAWBACKS OF UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES 34
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 35
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS 35
Water Resources 35
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials 35
Other Environmental Concerns 36
EFFECTS ON RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT 36
ECONOMIC RISK 36
EMERGING UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS-EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES 36
EMERGING TECHNIQUES 36
Produced Water Management 36
ABS Materials Inc. 37
John M. Poate, VP for Research and Technology Transfer 37
GE Global Research 37
Fracturing Technology 38
Halliburton Energy Systems Inc. 38
Baker Hughes 38
Frac Tech Services LLC 38
Advanced Drilling 39
Slot-Drill Development 39
Ernie Carter 39
RELEVANT EMERGING TECHNIQUES AND THEIR POTENTIAL FOR MARKET
READINESS 39
DISCLAIMER 39
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION 41
GLOBAL NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OVERVIEW 41
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION, 1980?2010 (TRILLION CUBIC FEET/YEAR) 42
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION, 1980?2010 (%) 43
FIGURE 3 GLOBAL NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION, 1980?2010 (%) 43
FIGURE 4 HISTORIC REGIONAL NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND NET
EXPORT, 2010* 44
FIGURE 5 NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, IMPORT AND EXPORT FOR SELECT
COUNTRIES, 2010* (TRILLION CF) 45
GLOBAL MARKET FOR UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION 47
VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL WELLS 47
TABLE 5 GLOBAL VERTICAL- AND DIRECTIONAL-DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (WELL
COMPLETIONS) 48
TABLE 6 GLOBAL VERTICAL- AND DIRECTIONAL-DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 48
FIGURE 6 GLOBAL VERTICAL- AND DIRECTIONAL-DRILLING MARKET, 2009-2016 ($
MILLIONS) 48
HORIZONTAL WELLS 49
TABLE 7 GLOBAL HORIZONTAL-DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (WELL COMPLETIONS) 49
TABLE 8 GLOBAL HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 50
FIGURE 7 GLOBAL HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) 50
HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT 51
TABLE 9 GLOBAL HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (WELL
COMPLETIONS) 51
TABLE 10 GLOBAL HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 52
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) 52
HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS 52
TABLE 11 GLOBAL HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (WELL
COMPLETIONS) 53
TABLE 12 GLOBAL HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 53
FIGURE 9 GLOBAL HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) 54
WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT 54
TABLE 13 GLOBAL WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 (WELL COMPLETIONS) 55
TABLE 14 GLOBAL WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 55
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT MARKET,
2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) 55
GLOBAL SUMMARY 56
TABLE 15 GLOBAL HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS WELLS
MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (WELL COMPLETIONS) 56
TABLE 16 GLOBAL UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGIES MARKET, THROUGH
2016 ($ MILLIONS) 57
TABLE 17 GLOBAL UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGIES MARKET, THROUGH
2016 ($ MILLIONS) 58
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGIES MARKET, 2009-2016
($ MILLIONS) 58
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 58
INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS 58
TABLE 18 UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS-EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES INDUSTRY
COMPANY TYPES 59
Original Equipment Manufacturers and Unconventional Natural Gas Technology
Product Suppliers 59
Directional and Horizontal Drilling Equipment Manufacturers 59
Hydraulic Fracturing Equipment Manufacturers 60
Multiple-Well-Pad-Drilling Equipment Manufacturers 60
Proppants and Chemical Additives Manufacturers 61
Secondary Component Manufacturers and Fabricators 61
Rental Unconventional Natural Gas Extraction Technology Providers 61
Construction Contractors 62
Unconventional Natural Gas Extraction Consultants 62
Oil and GAS Exploration and Production Companies 62
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS-EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY DISTRIBUTION
NETWORKS 63
CHAPTER 5 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL
GAS-EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES 65
NATURAL GAS MARKETS 65
NORTH AMERICAN UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION AND MARKET
FACTORS 66
NORTH AMERICAN UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCE BASE 66
FIGURE 12 NORTH AMERICAN UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS-RESOURCE BASE
OVERVIEW 66
Tight Gas 67
FIGURE 13 CONTINENTAL U.S. MAJOR TIGHT GAS PLAYS 67
TABLE 19 NORTH AMERICAN EXISTING AND POTENTIAL TIGHT GAS RESOURCES (TCF) 69
Shale Gas 70
FIGURE 14 NORTHAN AMERICAN MAJOR SHALE GAS PLAYS 70
TABLE 20 NORTH AMERICAN EXISTING AND POTENTIAL SHALE GAS PLAYS 72
FIGURE 15 MAJOR NORTH AMERICAN SHALE GAS PLAYS 73
Coalbed Methane 73
FIGURE 16 U.S. COALBED METHANE BASINS AND FIELDS 74
TABLE 21 U.S. EXISTING AND POTENTIAL COALBED METHANE RESOURCES 75
KEY DRIVERS OF UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION 77
Regulations and Public Perception 77
Existing Net Imports and Exports of Natural Gas 77
Natural Gas Cost and Demand 78
FIGURE 17 HENRY HUB NATURAL GAS PRICE AND RIG COUNT, 2007?2012 78
NORTH AMERICAN UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS-EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
MARKET 79
VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL WELLS 79
TABLE 22 NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH
2016 (WELL COMPLETIONS) 80
TABLE 23 NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH
2016 ($ MILLIONS) 81
FIGURE 18 NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING MARKET, 2009?2016
($ MILLIONS) 81
HORIZONTAL WELLS 81
TABLE 24 NORTH AMERICAN HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (WELL
COMPLETIONS) 82
TABLE 25 NORTH AMERICAN HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 82
FIGURE 19 NORTH AMERICAN HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) 82
HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT 83
TABLE 26 NORTH AMERICAN HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2016
(HYDROFRACTURE COMPLETIONS) 84
TABLE 27 NORTH AMERICAN HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 84
FIGURE 20 NORTH AMERICAN HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, 2009?2016 ($
MILLIONS) 84
HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS 85
TABLE 28 NORTH AMERICAN HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, THROUGH 2016
(HYDROFRACTURE COMPLETIONS) 86
TABLE 29 NORTH AMERICAN HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 86
FIGURE 21 NORTH AMERICAN HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, 2009?2016 ($
MILLIONS) 86
WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT 87
TABLE 30 NORTH AMERICAN WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT
MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (WELL COMPLETIONS) 88
TABLE 31 NORTH AMERICAN WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT
MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 88
FIGURE 22 NORTH AMERICAN WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT
MARKET, 2009?2016 ($ MILLIONS) 88
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 89
ESTABLISHED BASINS IN THE U.S 90
Northeast Region 90
Marcellus Shale 90
Devonian Shales 91
Illinois Basin: New Albany Shale 91
Michigan Basin: Antrim Shale 91
TABLE 32 NORTHEAST REGION KEY OPERATORS AND FIELD OWNERS 92
Gulf Coast and Southwest Regions 94
Haynesville Shale 95
Barnett Shale 95
TABLE 33 GULF COAST AND SOUTHWEST REGION KEY OPERATORS AND FIELD OWNERS 96
Mid-Continent Region 98
Fayetteville Shale 98
Woodford Shale 98
TABLE 34 MID-CONTINENT REGION KEY OPERATORS AND FIELD OWNERS 99
Rocky Mountain Region 101
Emerging Unconventional Natural Gas Plays in the U.S. 101
Eagle Ford Shale and Pearsall Shale, Maverick Basin 101
Floyd-Neal/Conasauga Shale, Black Warrior Basin 101
Hilliard-Baxter-Mancos Shale, Greater Green River Basin 102
Barnett-Woodford Shale, Delaware and Marfa Basins 102
Gothic and Hovenweep Shales, Paradox Basin 102
TABLE 35 ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION EMERGING PLAYS, KEY OPERATORS AND FIELD
OWNERS 103
CANADA 106
Horn River Shale 106
Montney Shale 107
Cordova Embayment 107
Utica Shale 107
TABLE 36 MAJOR CANADIAN UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS BASIN OPERATORS AND
FIELD OWNERS 107
MEXICO 109
REGULATIONS 109
U.S. 109
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 110
Clean Water Act 110
Effluent Limitations Guidelines: Oil and Gas Extraction (Synthetic-Based
Drilling Fluids) 110
Safe Drinking Water Act 111
National Environmental Policy Act 112
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 112
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act 113
Global Methane Initiative 114
Natural Gas STAR Program 114
U.S. Department of the Interior 115
Ownership of Coalbed Methane 115
Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 115
Pipeline Rights-of-Way 116
Coal 116
Phosphates 116
Oil and Gas 116
Oil Shale 117
Enforcement 117
Mineral Leasing Act for Acquired Lands 117
Mining and Minerals Policy Act of 1970 117
Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Simplification and Fairness Act of 1996 118
Coastal Zone Management Act 118
Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act 119
U.S. Department of Energy 120
Climate Vision (Voluntary Innovative Sector Initiatives: Opportunities Now) 120
Energy Policy Act of 2005 120
Save Energy Now 121
Executive Order 13423 122
Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act of 1989 122
Natural Gas Act of 1938 123
Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 123
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Order 380 125
Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline Act of 2004 125
Carbon Sequestration Program 126
SELECT STATE-LEVEL REGULATIONS AND INCENTIVES 126
Alabama 127
Drainage or Production Units 127
Levy and Amount of Tax Upon Business of Producing or Severing Oil or Gas
From Soil 127
Severance Tax Incentive 127
Alaska 127
Tax Credits Under As 43.20.043 127
Nonconventional Natural Gas Rent and Royalty Incentive 128
Exploration Licensing 128
Arizona 128
Assessed Value of Class I Property 128
Arkansas 129
Rates of Tax 129
Cost of Maintaining Saltwater Disposal System 129
Colorado 129
Oil and Gas Conservation Act (Colo.Rev.Stat.? 34-60-100, Et Seq.) 129
Reasonable Accommodation 129
Kansas 130
Gas Allowables and Drilling Unit 130
Mineral Severance Tax, Imposition of Tax; Rate, Measurement of Production;
Exemptions 130
Refundable Income Tax Credit for Property Taxes Paid 130
Natural Gas Severance Tax Reduction 130
Listing Property for Taxation 131
Louisiana 131
Oilfied Site Restoration Law 131
Rates of Tax 131
Produced Water Injection 132
Maryland 132
Location of Wells 132
Montana 132
Carbon Sequestration Equipment Property Tax Abatement 132
Production Rates Imposed on Oil and Natural Gas'Exemption 133
Horizontally Recompleted Wells 133
Horizontal Wells 133
Environmental Policy Act 133
Environmental Control Easement Act 133
Coalbed Methane Protection Act 134
Nevada 134
Reduced Administrative Fee for New Production 134
New Mexico 134
Well Workover Project Tax Incentive 134
Advanced Energy Tax Credit 135
New York 135
Executive Order No.41: Requiring Further Environmental Review 135
Moratorium on Hydrofracking 136
Oklahoma 136
Sales Tax Exemption for Electricity and Associated Delivery and Transmission
Services Sold for Operating of Reservoir Dewatering Project and/or Unit 136
Gross Production Tax on Asphalt, Ores, Oil and Gas, and Royalty Interests:
Exemptions, Okla. Stat. Tit.68, ?1001(I) 137
Horizontally Drilled Wells 137
Deep Wells 137
Production Enhancements: Recompletions 137
Production Enhancements: Recompletions 137
Oklahoma Administration Code ? 165:10-17: Well Tests 138
Pennsylvania 138
Oil and Gas Act 138
Permits 138
Minimum Distance Between Gas Wells 138
Protection of Drinking Water Quality 139
Water Quantity Not Protected 139
Land Disturbance 139
Groundwater Protection During Drilling 139
Disposal of Drilling Fluids 139
Withdrawals 140
South Dakota 140
Procedures for Setting Surface Casing and Production Casing 140
Secretary to Set Maximum Injection Pressure 140
Texas 141
Tax Incentive For Reuse/Recycling of Fracturing Water 141
Extension on the Tax Rate Reduction for High-Cost Natural Gas Wells 141
Utah 141
Variable Severance Tax Rate 141
Virginia 142
Pooling of Interest for Coalbed Methane Gas Wells; Conflicting Claims to
Ownership 142
Consent to Stimulate Coalbed Methane 142
Coalfield Employment Enhancement Tax Credit 142
Direct Sales of Natural Gas by Producers 142
West Virginia 143
General Water Pollution Control Permit, Permit Number: GP-WV-1-07 143
Severance Tax Exemption/Reduction for Coalbed Methane 143
CANADA 143
Mines and Minerals (Coalbed Methane) Amendment Act, 2010, S.A. 2010 C.20 143
Turning the Corner: An Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gases and Air
Pollution 143
Sharing Gas Tax Revenues 144
Canadian Environmental Protection Act 144
EGY087A - Unconventional Natural Gas Extraction: Technologies and Global Markets
Copyright ? BCC Research, Wellesley MA USA, Website: www.bccresearch.com
TOPIC PAGE NO.
British Columbia: Natural Gas Royalty Programs 145
Natural Gas Royalty Reduction 145
Deep Royalty Program 145
Deep Re-Entry Royalty Program 145
Deep Discovery Well Royalty Program 145
Marginal Royalty Program 145
Ultramarginal Royalty Program 146
Summer Royalty Program 146
The Infrastructure Royalty Credit Program 146
Net Profit Royalty Program 146
Coalbed Methane 146
Alberta Natural Gas Royalty Programs 147
New Well Royalty Rate 147
Transitional Royalty Rates 147
Shale Gas New Well Royalty Rate 148
Coalbed Methane New-Well Royalty Rate 148
Saskatchewan: Natural Gas Royalty Programs 148
Exploratory Drilling Incentive 148
Horizontal Drilling Incentive 149
Alberta: Innovative Energy Technologies Program 149
Alberta: Otherwise Flared Solution Gas Royalty Waiver Program 149
Alberta Department of Energy: Natural Gas Deep-Drilling Program 150
TABLE 37 NATURAL GAS DEEP-DRILLING PROGRAM ROYALTY ADJUSTMENT PER WELL,
DEVELOPMENT WELLS (BENEFIT PER METER DRILLED IN THE DEPTH RANGE, $/METER) 150
TABLE 38 NATURAL GAS DEEP-DRILLING PROGRAM ROYALTY ADJUSTMENT PER WELL,
EXPLORATORY WELLS (BENEFIT PER METER DRILLED IN THE DEPTH RANGE, $/METER) 151
Additional Laterals 151
TABLE 39 BENEFITS FOR ADDITIONAL LATERALS 151
MEXICO 152
Clean Air Initiative/Air Quality Program for the Metropolitan Zone of the Mexican
Valley 152
Strategic Gas Plan 152
CHAPTER 6 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS-EXTRACTION
TECHNOLOGIES 155
NATURAL GAS MARKETS 155
UNCONVENTIONAL GAS PRODUCTION AND MARKET FACTORS 156
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCE BASE 156
FIGURE 23 EUROPEAN UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCE BASE OVERVIEW 157
Tight Gas 157
TABLE 40 SELECTED EUROPEAN EXISTING AND POTENTIAL TIGHT GAS RESOURCES (TCF) 158
Shale Gas 158
TABLE 41 ESTIMATED EUROPEAN SHALE GAS RESOURCES BASE (TCF) 159
TABLE 42 SELECT EUROPEAN EXISTING AND POTENTIAL SHALE GAS RESOURCES 160
Coalbed Methane 160
TABLE 43 SELECT EUROPEAN EXISTING AND POTENTIAL SHALE GAS RESOURCES 161
KEY DRIVERS OF UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION 162
Regulations and Public Perception 162
Population Density 163
Existing Net Imports and Exports of NG 163
Natural Gas Cost and Demand 163
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS-EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES MARKET 164
VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL WELLS 164
TABLE 44 EUROPEAN VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016
(WELL COMPLETIONS) 165
TABLE 45 EUROPEAN VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 166
FIGURE 24 EUROPEAN VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING MARKET, 2009?2016 ($
MILLIONS) 166
HORIZONTAL WELLS 166
TABLE 46 EUROPEAN HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (WELL
COMPLETIONS) 167
TABLE 47 EUROPEAN HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 167
FIGURE 25 EUROPEAN HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, 2009?2016 ($ MILLIONS) 168
HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT 168
TABLE 48 EUROPEAN HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2016
(HYDROFRACTURE COMPLETIONS) 169
TABLE 49 EUROPEAN HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 169
FIGURE 26 EUROPEAN HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, 2009?2016 ($ MILLIONS) 170
HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS 170
TABLE 50 EUROPEAN HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, THROUGH 2016
(HYDROFRACTURE COMPLETIONS) 171
TABLE 51 EUROPEAN HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 171
FIGURE 27 EUROPEAN HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, 2009?2016 ($ MILLIONS) 172
WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT 172
TABLE 52 EUROPEAN WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 (WELL COMPLETIONS) 172
TABLE 53 EUROPEAN WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 173
FIGURE 28 EUROPEAN WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT MARKET,
2009?2016 ($ MILLIONS) 173
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 174
TABLE 54 MAJOR EUROPEAN UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS BASIN OPERATORS AND
FIELD OWNERS 174
Poland 176
Baltic Basin 176
Lublin Basin 176
Podlasie Basin 177
Ukraine 177
Western Europe 177
REGULATIONS 177
Austria 177
Transposition of Biofuels Directive 2003/30/EC: Mineral Oil Tax Revision/Fuel
Ordinance Amendment 177
Austrian National Allocation Plan, 2008?2012 178
Climate and Energy Fund 178
Energy Taxes 179
Belgium 179
Czech Republic 179
National Energy Strategy 179
Energy Act 179
Denmark 180
Action Plan for Renewed Energy Conservation 180
European Union 180
European Union Climate and Energy Package: Framework For Carbon Capture
And Storage 180
Directive on the Taxation of Energy Products and Electricity 181
Directive 98/30/EC Concerning Common Rules for the Internal Market in
Natural Gas and Repealing 181
Directive 94/22/EC on the Conditions for Granting and Using Authorizations for
the Prospection, Exploration and Production of Hydrocarbons 182
Regulation (EU) No 994/2010 Concerning Measures to Safeguard Security of
Gas Supply and Repealing Council Directive 2004/67/EC 183
Security of Supply for Protected Customers 183
Infrastructure Standard 184
Supply Standard for Protected Customers 184
Risk Assessment, Preventive Action Plan and Emergency Plan 184
European Union and Regional Emergency 184
Gas Coordination Group 184
Transparency and Information Exchange 185
France 185
TA Bill No. 658 185
Germany 185
Tight Gas Incentive 185
Greece 186
Operational Programme for Energy (OPE): Fiscal Incentives for Renewables
and Energy Conservation 186
Norway 186
Carbon Dioxide Tax 186
White Paper on Innovative Activity for Environmentally Friendly Gas
Technologies 186
Emissions Trading Scheme 187
Climate Program: Financing for Carbon Capture and Storage 187
Poland 188
Energy Policy of Poland Until 2030 188
Portugal 189
National Energy Strategy ENE 2020 189
Agenda for Competitiveness, Growth and Energy and Financial
Independence 189
Betting on Renewable Energy 189
Promotion of Energy Efficiency 189
Guaranteeing Security of Energy Supply 189
Sustaining the Energy Strategy 190
Russia 190
Climate Change Doctrine 190
EGY087A - Unconventional Natural Gas Extraction: Technologies and Global Markets
Copyright ? BCC Research, Wellesley MA USA, Website: www.bccresearch.com
TOPIC PAGE NO.
Spain 191
Modification of Corporate Tax Regulation 191
Planning and Development of the Electric and Gas Transport Networks,
2002?2011 191
Sweden 191
Ukraine 192
Law of Ukraine No 1392-VI on Coalbed Gas (Methane) 192
U.K. 194
U.K. Carbon Capture and Sequestration Competition 194
CHAPTER 7 ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN MARKET FOR UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS
EXTRACTION 196
NATURAL GAS MARKETS 196
UNCONVENTIONAL GAS MARKET AND MARKET FACTORS 197
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCE BASE 197
FIGURE 29 ASIA/AUSTRALIA UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCE BASE
OVERVIEW 197
Tight Gas 198
TABLE 55 SELECT ASIA/AUSTRALIA EXISTING AND POTENTIAL TIGHT-GAS RESOURCES 199
FIGURE 30 AUSTRALIA TIGHT GAS RESOURCES 200
Shale Gas 200
TABLE 56 SELECT ASIA/AUSTRALIA EXISTING AND POTENTIAL SHALE GAS RESOURCES 201
Coalbed Methane 201
TABLE 57 SELECT ASIA/AUSTRALIA EXISTING AND POTENTIAL COALBED METHANE
RESOURCES 202
KEY DRIVERS OF UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION 203
Regulations and Public Perception 203
Existing Imports and Exports of Natural Gas 203
Natural Gas Cost and Demand 204
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES MARKET 204
VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL WELLS 204
TABLE 58 ASIA/AUSTRALIA VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH
2016 (WELL COMPLETIONS) 205
TABLE 59 ASIA/AUSTRALIA VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH
2016 ($ MILLIONS) 206
FIGURE 31 ASIA/AUSTRALIA VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING MARKET, 2009?2016 ($
MILLIONS) 206
HORIZONTAL WELLS 206
TABLE 60 ASIA/AUSTRALIA HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (WELL
COMPLETIONS) 207
TABLE 61 ASIA/AUSTRALIA HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 207
FIGURE 32 ASIA/AUSTRALIA HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, 2009?2016 ($ MILLIONS) 207
HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT 208
TABLE 62 ASIA/AUSTRALIA HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2016
(HYDROFRACTURE COMPLETIONS) 208
TABLE 63 ASIA/AUSTRALIA HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 209
FIGURE 33 ASIA/AUSTRALIA HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, 2009?2016 ($
MILLIONS) 209
HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS 210
TABLE 64 ASIA/AUSTRALIA HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, THROUGH 2016
(HYDROFRACTURE COMPLETIONS) 210
TABLE 65 ASIA/AUSTRALIA HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 210
FIGURE 34 ASIA/AUSTRALIA HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, 2009?2016 ($
MILLIONS) 211
WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT 211
TABLE 66 ASIA/AUSTRALIA WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT
MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (WELL COMPLETIONS) 212
TABLE 67 ASIA/AUSTRALIA WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT
MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 212
FIGURE 35 ASIA/AUSTRALIA WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT
MARKET, 2009?2016 ($ MILLIONS) 212
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 213
TABLE 68 ASIAN NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES GLOBAL UNG INVESTMENTS AND ACTIVITY 214
CHINA 214
INDONESIA 215
TABLE 69 INDONESIA UNG PROJECTS OPERATORS AND FIELD OWNERS 216
TURKEY 216
AUSTRALIA 217
REGULATIONS 217
REGION-WIDE 217
Asia?Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate 217
Australia 218
Ten-Year Strategy for Fuel Switching to Natural Gas 218
National Low-Emissions Coal Initiative 218
Clean Energy Initiative 219
National Framework for Energy Efficiency 219
China 219
Twelfth Five-Year Plan 219
Conversion of Exhaust Heat and Pressure 220
Natural Gas Use Policy 220
Fuel-Switching and Conservation to Reduce Petroleum Use 220
China National Energy Strategy 221
India 221
Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006 221
Electricity Act 2003 221
CBM Policy 221
Indonesia 222
Regulation No. 36 of 2008 on Business Undertaking of Coal Bed Methane 222
Japan 222
National Energy Strategy 222
CHAPTER 8 SOUTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS
EXTRACTION 224
NATURAL GAS MARKETS 224
UNCONVENTIONAL GAS MARKET AND MARKET FACTORS 225
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCE BASE 225
FIGURE 36 SOUTH AMERICAN UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCE BASE
OVERVIEW 225
Tight Gas 227
Shale Gas 227
TABLE 70 ESTIMATED SOUTH AMERICAN SHALE GAS RESOURCES BASES 227
FIGURE 37 SOUTH AMERICAN SHALE GAS RESOURCES 228
TABLE 71 SELECT SOUTH AMERICAN EXISTING AND POTENTIAL SHALE GAS RESOURCES 229
Coalbed Methane 229
KEY DRIVERS OF UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION 229
Regulations and Public Perception 230
Existing Imports and Exports of Natural Gas 230
Natural Gas Cost and Demand 230
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES MARKET 231
VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL WELLS 231
TABLE 72 SOUTH AMERICAN VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH
2016 (WELL COMPLETIONS) 232
TABLE 73 SOUTH AMERICAN VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH
2016 ($ MILLIONS) 232
FIGURE 38 SOUTH AMERICAN VERTICAL AND DIRECTIONAL DRILLING MARKET, 2009?2016
($ MILLIONS) 232
HORIZONTAL WELLS 233
TABLE 74 SOUTH AMERICAN HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (WELL
COMPLETIONS) 234
TABLE 75 SOUTH AMERICAN HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 234
FIGURE 39 SOUTH AMERICAN HORIZONTAL DRILLING MARKET, 2009?2016 ($ MILLIONS) 234
HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT 235
TABLE 76 SOUTH AMERICAN HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2016
(HYDROFRACTURE COMPLETIONS) 235
TABLE 77 SOUTH AMERICAN HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 236
FIGURE 40 SOUTH AMERICAN HYDROFRACTURE EQUIPMENT MARKET, 2009?2016 ($
MILLIONS) 236
HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS 237
TABLE 78 SOUTH AMERICAN HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, THROUGH 2016
(HYDROFRACTURE COMPLETIONS) 237
TABLE 79 SOUTH AMERICAN HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 238
FIGURE 41 SOUTH AMERICAN HYDROFRACTURE CHEMICALS MARKET, 2009?2016 ($
MILLIONS) 238
WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT 238
TABLE 80 SOUTH AMERICAN WELL COMPLETION AND OPERATION EQUIPMENT MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 (WELL COMPLETIONS) 239
TABLE 81 SOUTH AMERICAN WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT
MARKET, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 239
FIGURE 42 SOUTH AMERICAN WELL-COMPLETION AND WELL-OPERATION EQUIPMENT
MARKET, 2009?2016 ($ MILLIONS) 239
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 240
TABLE 82 MAJOR SOUTH AMERICAN UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS PROJECTS
OPERATORS AND FIELD OWNERS 240
ARGENTINA 241
VENEZUELA 241
REGULATIONS 242
ARGENTINA 242
Gas Plus Initiative 242
BRAZIL 242
Expansion of the Natural Gas Market 242
Energy Development Account 242
National Programme for Energy-Efficient Use of Petroleum and Natural Gas
Derivatives 243
CHAPTER 9 COMPANY PROFILES 245
INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED OIL AND GAS COMPANIES APPLICABLE TO MULTIPLE
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS TECHNIQUES ON A GLOBAL BASIS 245
BAKER HUGHES INC. 245
TABLE 83 BAKER HUGHES INC. OVERVIEW 246
HALLIBURTON 246
TABLE 84 HALLIBURTON OVERVIEW 247
SCHLUMBERGER LIMITED 247
TABLE 85 SCHLUMBERGER LIMITED OVERVIEW 248
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL INC. 248
TABLE 86 WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW 249
DIRECTIONAL AND HORIZONTAL DRILLING TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS 249
ARCHER WELL COMPANY 249
TABLE 87 ARCHER WELL COMPANY OVERVIEW 250
BASF SE 250
TABLE 88 BASF SE OVERVIEW 251
CAMERON INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION 252
TABLE 89 CAMERON INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW 252
CASEDHOLE SOLUTIONS INC. 253
TABLE 90 CASEDHOLE SOLUTIONS INC. OVERVIEW 253
ENSIGN ENERGY SERVICES INC. 253
TABLE 91 ENSIGN ENERGY SERVICES INC. OVERVIEW 254
KEY ENERGY SERVICES 255
TABLE 92 KEY ENERGY SERVICES OVERVIEW 256
LAYNE CHRISTENSEN 256
TABLE 93 LAYNE CHRISTENSEN COMPANY OVERVIEW 257
NABORS-RYAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES 257
TABLE 94 NABORS?RYAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES OVERVIEW 258
NEWPARK RESOURCES INC. 258
TABLE 95 NEWPARK RESOURCES INC. OVERVIEW 258
PRECISION DRILLING CORPORATION 259
TABLE 96 PRECISION DRILLING CORPORATION OVERVIEW 260
SCHOELLER-BLECKMANN OILFIELD EQUIPMENT AG 260
TABLE 97 SCHOELLER-BLECKMANN OILFIELD EQUIPMENT AG OVERVIEW 261
TERRAVICI DRILLING SOLUTIONS 261
TABLE 98 TERRAVICI DRILLING SOLUTIONS OVERVIEW 262
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING AND COMPLETION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS 262
CORE LABORATORIES 262
TABLE 99 CORE LABORATORIES OVERVIEW 263
FMC TECHNOLOGIES 263
TABLE 100 FMC TECHNOLOGIES OVERVIEW 264
FRAC TECH SERVICES LLC 264
TABLE 101 FRAC TECH SERVICES LLC OVERVIEW 265
GREENE'S ENERGY GROUP LLC 265
TABLE 102 GREENE'S ENERGY GROUP OVERVIEW 266
MAGNUM OIL TOOLS INTERNATIONAL
?
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Oil_and_Gas_energy Industry: Unconventional Natural Gas Extraction: Technologies and Global Markets
Nicolas Bombourg
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